Large-scale cooperation and exchanges of various forms are taking place in many fields. To date, 152 countries and regions have established scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges with China. Among them, 96 have signed governmental cooperation agreements on science and technology or trade and economy. Non-governmental cooperation and exchanges between research institutes, institutions of higher learning and enterprises have experienced a wider scope of operation.

Forms of cooperation and exchanges have developed from visits and academic conferences to cooperative researches, joint laboratories, research institutes, and even wholly foreign-funded or Chinese-funded research centers in China and abroad.

Fields of cooperation and exchanges have expanded from traditional technologies and basic subjects to high and new technologies, including biotechnology, information technology, space technology, new materials and new forms of energy. Chinese scientists have participated in international mega-projects of scientific research and the EU scientific research plan. Meanwhile, foreign scientists have participated in some key Chinese research projects.

International and regional cooperation has been strengthened, and the combination of technology and trade has made new progress. China has enhanced international and regional scientific and technological cooperation, and has held a series of multi-lateral international conferences and expositions and carried out regional cooperation. Cooperation in the fields of science, technology and economy with certain countries has been strengthened.

The Chinese Government pays great attention to integrating high and new technology industrial zones with the global economy. At present, there are 53 national-level high-tech industrial zones in China.